GS4 — Module 3
Case Study Framework
Structured approach · Stakeholder analysis · Competing values · High-scoring answers
Back to Ethics
The four pillars of this module
Everything you need to solve any case study — from field to exam hall
Structured Approach
A 6-step process to analyse any case: Read → Stakeholders → Values → Options → Decide → Write. Applicable to all GS4 case study types.
Stakeholder Analysis
Mapping every affected party — direct and indirect — is the most commonly missed step. It transforms a surface-level answer into a comprehensive one.
Competing Values Framework
Real ethical dilemmas pit valid values against each other. The competing values framework helps you name the conflict clearly and justify your resolution.
High-Scoring Answer Writing
Structure (SPADE), legal grounding, ethical vocabulary, and balanced justification are what separate 130-mark answers from 80-mark ones on GS4.
Why this module is the differentiator
50% of GS4 paper
Case studies carry ~125 of 250 marks. Mastering the framework directly raises your total.
Predictable structure
Unlike theory questions, case studies follow predictable patterns — and can be cracked with the right method.
Interview carryover
The UPSC board's situational questions are case studies in oral form. The same framework applies.